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Skin cancer in horses
Skin cancer, or neoplasia, is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in horses, accounting for 45〔Beuchner-Maxwell, "Skin tumors.", pg. 692〕 to 80% of all cancers diagnosed. Sarcoids are the most common type of skin neoplasm and are the most common type of cancer overall in horses. Squamous-cell carcinoma is the second-most prevalent skin cancer, followed by melanoma.〔 Squamous-cell carcinoma and melanoma usually occur in horses greater than 9-years-old,〔 while sarcoids commonly affect horses 3 to 6 years old. Surgical biopsy is the method of choice for diagnosis of most equine skin cancers,〔 but is contraindicated for cases of sarcoids.〔 Prognosis and treatment effectiveness varies based on type of cancer, degree of local tissue destruction, evidence of spread to other organs (metastasis) and location of the tumor. Not all cancers metastasize and some can be cured or mitigated by surgical removal of the cancerous tissue or through use of chemotherapeutic drugs.
==Sarcoids==
Sarcoids account for 39.9% of all equine cancers and are the most common cancer diagnosed in horses.〔Valentine, ( Neoplasia ), pg. 147.〕 There is no breed predilection for developing sarcoids and they can occur at any age, with horses three to six years old〔Valentine, "Neoplasia" pg. 149.〕〔 being the most common age group and males being slightly more prone to developing the disease.〔 Sarcoids are also more prevalent in certain familial lines, suggesting that there may be a heritable component.〔 Several studies have found an association between the presence of Bovine papillomavirus-1 and 2 and associated viral growth proteins in skin cells with sarcoid formation, but the exact mechanism that controls or induces epidermal proliferation remains unknown. However, high viral loads within cells are strongly correlated with more severe clinical signs and aggressive lesions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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